English Reading Skills Suggestion & Answer(PDF) For 1st Year

English Reading Skills Suggestion & Answer(PDF) For 1st Year

Honours
1st Year.
Department
of English.
Subject:
Reading Skills.
Suggestions
(Part – A, Part – B, Part - C) With Answer.
উত্তরসহ পাবেন নিচের পিডিএফ ফাইলে.

Part :- A

Part-A তে একটা passage থাকে আর তা থেকে 10 টা প্রশ্নের উত্তর করতে হয় তবে তার মধ্যে কিছু grammar ও থাকে। এটা সাধারণত কমন পড়েনা সেজন্য Test
Papers বা
Set
Suggestion এর
passage গুলো সম্পর্কে ধারণা রাখবেন এবং কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ passage নিচে তুলে ধরা হলো:- (অনুশীলনের জন্য)

Part :- B

Part :- B তে ও একটা Passage থাকে আর সেখান থেকে 5 টা প্রশ্নের উত্তর করতে হয়।
এরজন্যও যেকোন একটা Test Paper দেখতে পারেন। তাহলে কমন পেতে ও পারেন আবার না ও পেতে পারেন।এবং কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ passage নিচে তুলে ধরা হলো:- (অনুশীলনের জন্য)

Part :- C

Part-C এখানে 50 নাম্বারের উত্তির থাকে আর প্রশ্ন
লিখতে হয় 5 টা। একটা কবিতা থাকে তার থেকেই প্রশ্ন থাকে। কবিতাটা প্রায়ই
আপনাদের কবিতার বই থেকেই আসে তবে বাইরে থেকেও আসার সম্ভাবনা আছে। কয়েকটা জিনিস বুঝতে পারলে এটা খুব কঠিন কিছু নয়। যেমন rhyme
scheme, tone, authors position, theme, summary, figures of speech এগুলো থেকেই প্রায় আসে। তাই
প্রত্যেকটা কবিতার এসব জানা থাকলে তেমন কঠিন মনে হয়না আর।

এবার আপনাদের সম্ভাব্য কিছু কবিতার নাম বলে দিচ্ছি যার মধ্যে থেকে আসতে পারে।

口Seen Poem ( কবিতার বই থেকেই প্রায় সময় এটি আসে )

Sonnet - 18; (V.V.I)
The Good Morrow; (V.V.I)
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ; (V.V.I)
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; (V.V.I)
To Autumn; (V.V.I)
To Daffodils; (V.I)
How Do I Love Thee?; (V.V.I)
Because I Could Not Stop for Death; (V.I)
The Piano; (V.I)
Where the Mind is Without Fear?; (V.V.I)
Pike; (V.I)

口Unseen Poem (বইয়ের আপনাদের বইয়ের বাইরে থেকে আসতে পারে।)

Delight in Disorder;
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers;
When You are Old;
No Second Troy;
Ozymandias;
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening;
To His Coy Mistress;
Dover Beach;
She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways.
London - 1802.

[সবগুলো কবিতা সম্পর্কে মোটামোটি ধারণা নিবেন তাহলে আশা করি আর কোন সমস্যা থাকবে না।]

আর এখানে আপনাদের Text Unseen কিছু কবিতার Theme, tone, summary, mood, author's position, rhyme scheme, figures of speech সহকারে নিচে আলোচনা করা হলো:-

আশা করছি এর মধ্যে থেকেই আসবে তবে না আসার সম্ভাবনাও আছে। সেজন্য বেশী বেশী কবিতা সম্পর্কে জানতে হবে।

N.B.:---খুজে খুজে দিয়েছি তাই ভুল হতে পারে। ভুল হলে কমেন্টে জানাবেন সঠিক করে দেওয়া হবে।

Part: A Suggestions With Answer:-

Part: A

Passage no: 1

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Professor Röntgen was a physicist at the University of Würzburg in Germany. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, he was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. Now the bulb was completely covered; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. It was on this paper that the lights were shining. Professor Röntgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a doorkey. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. This mysterious ray could shine through everything except the metal. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. She was very surprised by this request, but she obediently held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.

At a scientific meeting where he described what happened, Professor Röntgen called this new ray "the Unknown", the X-ray. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used, and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. At first the doctors did not understand how powerful the rays were and many of them were injured, losing a finger or an arm through exposure to X-rays when they were using the machines. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors and surgeons to see exactly how a bone was fractured. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be located, and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis present. "Mass X-ray" units are sent round to factories and detect early signs of trouble in the lungs. Unfortunately Professor Röntgen, whose discovery did so much for medical science, did not die an honoured man. Malicious people spread the story that he had stolen his discovery from a laboratory assistant who worked for him. He died, poor and neglected in 1923. (From Britain in the Modern World, The Twentieth Century by EN Nash and AM Newth)

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 1x10-10

(a) Where did Professor Rontgen work?
(b) What was he doing on 8 November 19857

(c) What did he see when he switched on the current?
(d) What objects did he place between the lamp and the paper?
(e) Did the Professor die with honour?

Write down meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with them:

(f) penetrate
(g) destroy
(h) surprised

Find suitable words to complete the sentences:

(i) X-ray machines are used in
(j) She held up her hand for Change the following sentences as directed:
(k) When the plate was developed, there was a picture of bones of her hand. (Compound)
(l) He asked her wife to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. (Interrogative)
(m) Malicious people spread the story. (Passive)

Answer:
(a) Professor Rontgen worked at the University of Wurzburg in Germany.

(b) On 8 November 1985, he was doing an experiment in his laboratory.
(c) When he switched on the current, he saw little dancing lights on the table.
(d) Between the lamp and the paper, he placed variety of objects like a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a doorkey.

(e) No, the Professor did not die with honour. He died poor and neglected.

(1) penetrate = pierce: The arrow could not penetrate the wall.
(g) destroy = demolish: The warriors destroyed their enemies.

(h) surprised = astonished: I was at his statement.

(i) X-ray machines are used in all big hospitals.

(j) She held up her hand for a quarter of an hour.
(k) The plate was developed and there was a picture of bones of her hand.

(l) Did he ask her wife to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate?
(m) The story was spread by the malicious people.

Passage no: 2

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always wicked and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in massacre, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change age-old mental habits, but this is what
must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic assertions which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in the so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international sphere, but the spirit i which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflic nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the H-bomb.

(From Science and Religion by Bertrand Russell)

1. Answer any ten questions from the following: 1x10-10
(a) How long has war existed?

(b) What causes the gravest danger for the present??
(c) How can war be stopped?
(d) What is the problem of ideologies? talang at

(e) What is the important conflict nowadays?

Write down meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with them:
(f) ingenuity
(g) adherent
(h) conflict

Find suitable words to complete the sentences:

(i) There is no ---------- to abolishing war.pasni
(j) Chemicals weapons can be more dangerous---------- nuclear weapons.

Change the following sentences as directed:

(k) It is not easy to change age-old mental habits. (Interrogative)

(l) I believe this to be a profound error. (Complex)

(m) Nuclear war must be avoided. (Active)

Answer:

(a) Was has existed for about six thousand years.

(b) Nuclear weapon causes the gravest danger for the present.
(c) War can be stopped through arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law.
(d) Ideologies are based upon dogmatic assertions which are doubtful and false.
(e) The important conflict nowadays is the conflict between Man and H-bomb.

(f) ingenuity cleverness: They used their ingenuity to solve the problem.ord

(g) adherent supporter: He is an adherent of the ruling party.
(h) conflict clash: There is a fierce conflict between the two families.

(i) There is no alternative to abolishing war.
(j) Chemicals weapons can be more dangerous than nuclear weapons.

(k) Is it not easy to change age-old mental habits?
(l) I believe that it is a profound error.
(m) We must avoid nuclear war.

Part: B Suggestions With Answer:-

Passage no: 1
Part: B
Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Thesuspicion and it is as yet only a suspicion, though a growing one that smoking has something to do with cancer of the lung rests on several kinds of evidence.

First, though death rates from most kinds of cancer have fallen in the past twenty years or so, deaths from cancer of the lung have apparently increased, and increased quite alarmingly, particularly in men, in the same period. I say apparently because some of the re ported increase may be due to better diagnosis some of it, but in most people's opinion there has been a considerable real increase.

This increase is said to have coincided with and roughly paralleled an increased consumption of cigarettes which, of course, proves nothing in itself. The increase has probably also coincided with an increased use of refrigerators and consumption of ice cream. A further step in the argument is that in Iceland, where there has until recently been little cigarette smoking, the same increase in cancer of the lung has not occurred.

A year or two ago some workers in America and in this country started enquiring into the smoking habits of a large number of people suffering from cancer of the lung, and a large number of other people as nearly as possible exactly similar in every respect except that they were suffering from
something else. Both the American and the English workers found the same thing. They found that a history of heavy smoking-twenty or more cigarettes a day over twenty years was much commoner in the group suffering from cancer of the lung than in the group suffering from other illnesses.

This, again, does not prove the point. It does prove that heavy cigarette smoking is

the cause, or even a cause, of cancer of the lung, but it increases the

suspicion that it has something to do with it, and suggests rather strongly

that if you go on smoking, say, twenty cigarettes or more a day for twenty

years or so, you do increase your chances of dying of this disease.

Well, now, many of us, and include doctors in this, many of us who were or are heavy cigarette smokers and I ought to say that cigarettes are much more under suspicion than pipes or cigars found all this very distasteful, and we did our best to ignore it, to pick holes in the argument, to laugh it off, and so on. One argument was that no one had been able to demonstrate a cancer-producing or carcino-genic substance in cigarettes or cigarette smoke, but it is now reported from America that this has been done.

It appears that the tar resulting from burning cigarette tobacco, painted for a long time on to the skin of mice does produce skin cancers in some of them, though no cancers appeared in a control group of mice painted only with the acetone in which the tar was dissolved.

That is the position. There is a strong suspicion that heavy cigarette smoking over a long period does increase your chances of getting this illness. It does not, of course, mean that anyone neces sarily will get it do not have sleepless nights thinking because you have smoked a few or even a great number of cigarettes in your time, you are bound to get this illness, because that certainly is not true.

2. Answer any five of the following questions: 4×5-20

(a) What is the first evidence of the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer of the lung?

(b) How does the writer justify the first evidence?

(d) How does the writer evaluate their findings?

(e) Why did many doctors find the idea distasteful that cigarette causes cancer?

(f) How did people try to pick holes in the argument that cigarette smoking has connection to lung cancer?

(g) How does the writer finally establish that cigarette smoking has something to do with lung cancer?

(h) What is the advice of the writer to the smokers?

Answer:

(a) Answer:- It has been observed that death rates from most kinds of cancer have fallen in the past twenty years, but the deaths from cancer of the lung have increased, particularly in men,

who smoke. This is the first evidence of the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer of the lung.

(b) Answer:- The writer justifies the first evidence by saying that the reported increase in death rates from lung cancer may be due to other factors, but most people think that there has been a considerable real increase.

(c) Answer:- The American and British workers found out that the habit of smoking twenty or more cigarettes a day over twenty years was more common in the group suffering from lung cancer than in the group suffering from other illnesses.

(d) Answer:- The writer says that the findings of the American and British workers do not prove that heavy smoking is exclusively gre responsible for lung cancer but they increase the suspicion that heavy smoking has some relation with lung cancerais

(e) Answer:- Many doctors found the idea distasteful because they themselves were in the

habit of smoking and they would be to discredited if the idea is established.

(f) Answer:- People tried to pick holes in the argument by claming that nobody has so far been able to demonstrate cancer producing substance in cigarette or its smoke.

(g) Answer:- The writer finally established the fact referring to the report that in some experiments in America tobacco tar was painted on the skin of mice for a long time and it caused cancer in them.

(h) Answer:- The writer advises the smokers to avoid smoking just to fuot reduce the risk of lung cancer. But he tells them not to spend sleepless night worrying, because it is not true that they would

certainly get sick.

Passage no 2

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The Space Race began in the 1950s. It was the time of the Cold War, in which the United States and the Soviet Union fought for technological superiority. Each country wanted to prove that its political and economic system capitalism on one side and communism on the other -was better. Both superpowers wanted to launch the first satellite and put a human being into space. The Space Race was also a part of the arms race after World War II.

In 1957, the Soviet Union surprised the western world by launching the first man-made object into space. Sputnik was a small ball with four antennae sticking out of it. Four months later the United States launched Explorer I. To the shock of the US, the Soviets had beaten them in the first phase of the Space Race. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human sent into Earth orbit, only a month before American astronaut Alan Shepard was launched into space.

The American defeat was a blow to the western world. In the early 1960s John F Kennedy, America's newly elected president, announced that the US were willing to show that they could put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. After the Mercury and Gemini projects had sent astronauts to earth
orbit, Project Apollo faced the task of putting a team of three astronauts into lunar orbit and sending two of them to the moon's surface. During the 1960s, NASA received more money than ever before.

On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11's lunar landing module Eagle touched down on the moon's surface. Neil Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon. The Americans had finally achieved a major victory in the Space Race. After 5 more lunar landings rivalry between the United States
and the Soviet Union ended. In the 1970s, the Americans and the Soviets started working together on space missions.

The race to the moon was over and funding for NASA was reduced radically. The Space Race produced many failures on both sides. While Russian rockets blew up on the launch pad, three Americans got killed during a ground test in 1967. The most dramatic event came when oxygen

tanks exploded during Apollo 13's mission to the moon; however, NASA managed to get the astronauts safely back to earth.

2. Answer any five of the following questions: 4×5-20
(a) How did the Space Race begin?
(b) What did the Soviet Union do in 1957?
(c) Who were the first and second humans sent into Earth orbit?
(d) What space projects did the US take in 1960s?

(e) What happened on July 20, 1969?

(f) How was the race to the moon over?

(g) Mention some failures of the Space Race?

(h) What happened during Apollo 13's mission?

Answer:

(a) Answer:- The Space Race began in the 1950s. It was the time of the Cold War, in which the United States and the Soviet Union fought for technological superiority. Each country wanted to prove that its political and economic system was better. Both superpowers wanted to launch the first satellite and put a human being into space. The Space Race was also a part of the arms race after World War II.

(b) Answer:- In 1957, the Soviet Union surprised the western world by launching the first man-made object, Sputnik, into space. Sputnik was a small ball with four antennae sticking out of it.

(c) Answer:- Yuri Gagarin was the first human sent into Earth orbit. The second human into Earth orbit was American astronaut Alan Shepard. The two incidents occurred in one month's gap.

(d) Answer:- In 1960s, the US took Mercury and Gemini Projects that sent astronauts to earth orbit. It also took Project Apollo with a view to putting a team of three astronauts into lunar orbit and sending two of them to the moon's surface.

(e) Answer:- On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11's lunar landing module Eagle touched the surface of the moon. Neil Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon. The Americansachieved a major victory in the Space Race.

(f) Answer:- After several lunar landings in 1970s, the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union ended. The Americans and the Soviets started working together on space missions. Thus the race to the moon was over.

(g) Answer:- The Space Race produced some failures. While Russian rockets blew up on the launch pad, three Americans got killed during a ground test in 1967.

(h) Answer:- The oxygen tanks exploded during Apollo 13's mission to the moon. However, NASA

managed to get the astronauts safely back to earth.

Part: C Suggestions With Answer:

Delight and Disorder by Robert Herrick

Summary:
In his
poem "Delight in Disorder" Robert Herrick describes how he finds
women in a disordered dress more pleasurable than well-dressed ones.The poet is
a passionate lover. He describes different articles of clothing of his
beloved.He describes about his beloved dress.He said his beloved was wearing an
ornament that was random.But it attracts the poet.

Then he says his beloved has
not given proper care to her cuff.Her petticoat is tempestuous which symbolises
the unrestrained personality.Her shoestring is not properly shaped.But the poet
finds a wild civility into his beloved.She looks more beautiful and charming
with the disorderly dress than formal dress.

Rhyme Scheme:
Rhyme
scheme is the ordered pattern of rhymes
at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse

The rhyme scheme of the
poem is aabb ccdd eeff gg.

"dress"=a
"wantonness"=a
"thrown"=b
"distraction"=b
"there"=c
"stomacher"=c
"thereby"=d
"confusedly"=d
"note"=e
"petticoat"=e
"tie"=f
"civility"=f
"art"=g
"part"=g

Here last
word of the 1st line "dress" and last word of the 2nd line is
"wantonness".Both have same sound.So we can mark it "a".
Then,the
last word of the 3rd line is "thrown" and last word of the 4th line
is "distraction".Those words have same sound. So we will mark it
" b".

Again,the
last word of the 5th, 6th line's are "there"
"stomacher".Both also same sound. So we can mark it
"c".Then last word of the 7th line is " thereby" and the
last word of the 8th is "confusedly" .These also have a same sound.So
we can mark it "d". Further,last word of the 9th and 10th are same
sound.So we can mark it "e".Again,last words of the 11th and 12th
line's are " tie",
"civility".

These words have also same sound.So we can mark it
"f".And finally last word ot the 13th line is "art" and
last word of the 14th line is "part". These words also have same
sound.So we will mark it "g".

So we can
find out that the rhyme scheme of the poem is aabb ccdd eeff gg.

Tone:
Tone is a
musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength.
The tone
of the poem is light and playful. In the poem, the poet finds beauty into
disorder.The dress of his beloved is carelessly put on her shoulders.He
describes is in this way that a lace is
waywardly put on deep red stomacher.

She does not give proper attention to her
cuff which allows her ribbons to flow confusedly. Her petticoat is tempestuous
that symbolises her unrestrained personality. Her shoestring is carelessly
tied. There is no discipline in the ways of her wearing dresses. But the poet
finds delight and pleasure in the disobedience of her clothing. So, the tone of
the poem is light and playful.

Structure:
The poem
consists of 14 lines with the rhyme scheme aa bb cc dd ee ff gg.
Its a
lyric poem because there are a lyrical quality into the whole poem.The main
element of a lyric poem is impulsiveness stirred by a certain event.Here the
poet finds pleasure into his beloved wearing dress.Though is was not wearing
orderly but it looks very beautiful and attracts the poet's mind.The poet
describes it by his own experience and feelings.So its a lyric poem.

Theme:
Theme is
the central idea in a piece of writing. The whole body explains the theme.

The main
theme of the poem "Delight in Disorder" by Robert Herrick are
spontaneity, freedom and feminine beauty etc.Beauty and disorderly things is
also the main point of the poem.The poet describes about his
beloved dress.Though she do not wear her dress orderly but the poet finds
pleasure at her
dress.

The woman does not follow the formal format of dressing that signifies
her carefree freedom.It also represents also her inborn freedom.Her
disorderliness makes her seductive and attractive.It arouses the passion of
love to the poet.The poet was attractive by the pleasure of her disorderly
dress.

Authors Position:
When an
author writes to persuade,he/she will have his/her own position on the
subject.The author's position is an author's opinion about the subject.It may
be subjective or objective.

Subjective
means where the writer can use his/her own feelings,emotion, and own choice.

Objective
means where writer cann't use his/her own feelings,emotions and own choice.

Its a
subjective poem because the poet describes her own feelings,
emotions,likes,dislikes and passionate love to her beloved.He describes about
his beloved dress and he was attracted by it.As the poet uses his personal
experiences, ideas into this poem so its a subjective poem.

Figures of Speech :
Figures
of Speech means use of ornamental elements into a piece of writing.

Alliteration:- Alliteration
is the repetition of consonant sound.
*"
Delight and Disorder".

Here,the
poem begins with "d" and repeated one more time.So its an example of
alliteration.

Imagery:- Imagery
means collection of some images.
*"A
lawn about the shoulders thrown
Into a
fine distraction ;
An erring
lace,within here and there".
When we
read those lines it creates an image into our minds that's called imagery.

Metaphor:- Metaphor
is a figure of speech in which the poet compares two different things without using
"as" or "like".

*" A
sweet disorder in the dress
Kindles
in clothes a wantonness.
A lawn
about the shoulders thrown
Into a
fire distraction";

Here, a
"sweet disorder" is compared with the "fire".

*"
lace" is compared with the human beings that makes error.

Oxymoron:- It is a
figure of speech in which two contradictory words or phrases are combined in a
single expression,producing the effect of a condensed paradox.

*"A
sweet disorder in the dress".

Here,
"sweet" and "disorder" are opposite words but the poet used those words to
concrete a striking place.So its an example of oxymoron.

Ozymandias by P. B. Shelley

Summary:
The poem
opens with a description.The speaker is meeting with someone who has travelled
a place in ancient civilization.That's means he travelled Egypt.Where he was a
fragmented statue in the middle of the desert.He also saw a statue that was
broken but he could understand that it was a statue of a mighty king.

He
identified it by the face of the statue.The face of the statue looks strong and
powerful as like a ruler.The statue expressed the ruler's personality.There was
also a pedestal at the statue where the traveller read that the statue was of
"Ozymandias, king of kings." But life is transitory so by the rules
of time The great king Ozymandias and his kingdom were destroyed.Now,there are
no evidence of his greatness without a broken statue.All that is left is the
wrecked statue. The might and majesty of a king do not last,only great art
endures.

Rhyme Scheme:
Rhyme
scheme is the ordered pattern of rhymes
at the ends of the lines of a poem or verse

The rhyme scheme of the
poem is ABAB ACDC EDEF EF

I met a
traveller from an antique land (A)

Who
said:—Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
(B)

Stand in
the desert. Near them on the sand, (A)

Half
sunk, a shatter'd visage lies, whose frown
(B)

And
wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command
(A)

Tell that
its sculptor well those passions read
(C)

Which yet
survive, stamp'd on these lifeless things,
(D)

The hand
that mock'd them and the heart that fed.
(C)

And on
the pedestal these words appear: (E)

"My
name is Ozymandias, king of kings: (D)

Look on
my works, ye mighty, and despair!"
(E)

Nothing
beside remains: round the decay (F)

Of that
colossal wreck, boundless and bare, (E)

The lone
and level sands stretch far away. (F)

So we can
say that the rhyme scheme of the poem is ABAB ACDC EDEF EF

Tone:
Tone is a
musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength.

The tone
of the poem is ironic.Here the traveller describes about the power and grandeur
as ruler of a mighty king.There was a broken statue scattered on an empty
desert.The huge statue he had carved of himself to intimidate people. No trace
of his kingdom still exists beyond the shattered statue. No "works"
survive to cause people to tremble and "despair."

Yet the
irony runs deeper. The description on the broken statue is

‘My name
is Ozymandias, king of kings:

Look on
my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'

Though he
was mighty but now he has no power left. His words are empty. The mighty might
do well to remind themselves they too are not so powerful as they might be.The
poem's irony is somber.Ozymandias, whose weakness is in his pride and inflated
ego. Words such as "shattered," "sunk," and
"lifeless".

The end
of the poem is quiet and solemn. We feel the emptiness and can experience the
lonely echoes.

Structure:
The poem
is a sonnet.A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of fourteen iambic pentameter lines
intricate by a rhyme scheme. There are some variations in its rhyme scheme. The
poet doesn't follow a definite rhyme scheme.

The poet
opens the poem with a traveller's narration of a great broken statue.The
statue's legs stood on the pedestal,the body was not on the leg but on the
desert.In the vast desert,there was no mighty power left for the king of kings
Ozymandis.The poet concludes the poem by saying that nothing is permanent in
this real world.Everything is decaying.

Theme:
Theme is
the central idea in a piece of writing. The whole body explains the theme.

The
central theme of the poem is futility of power.The poem begins with a traveller
of an unknown land from ancient Egypt.The traveller tells a story of a powerful
king.Though he had died but his statue was found in a vast desert.The statue
was broken The broken statue of king of
kings Ozymandis symbolizes the futility of power and pride of material wealth
on this earth.Once the king had vast kingdom,huge wealth,and unlimited power.
But now the broken statue of the mighty king shows the futility of his power
and pelf.The poet ends the poem with a despair that everything is vanished into
dust of boundless desert lying bare under the vast open sky.

Authors Position:
When an
author writes to persuade,he/she will have his/her own position on the
subject.The author's position is an author's opinion about the subject.It may
be subjective or objective.

Subjective
means where the writer can use his/her own feelings,emotion, and own choice.
Objective
means where writer cann't use his/her own feelings,emotions and own choice.

The poem
is a subjective one. The poem is written in first person narrator where the
poet expresses his views in the poem.The poem begins with a traveller.Who was
talking about a mighty king to the poet.So the poet here includes directly in
this poem.So its a subjective poem.

Figures of Speech :
Figures
of Speech means use of ornamental elements into a piece of writing.

Alliteration:- Alliteration
is the repetition of consonant sound.

*"Half
sand and shattered visage lies,whose frown".

Here,
"S" is repeated so its an example of alliteration.

Irony:- It is a
figure of speech in which a statement or a situation or an action which
actually means the opposite idea of its surface meaning.

*"My
name is Ozymandias,King of Kings"

Here, the
poet describes the futility of the power of human being.Once Ozymandias was a
mighty kind,who has a lot of wealth and power.But now his stature are seen in a
vast desert that is broken.So its an irony.

Symbolism:- Symbolism
refers to a thing that is stands for something else.It is basically an image
which,by virtue of recurrent uses.

*"Look
on my Works,ye Mighty, and despair!"

Here the
poet uses symbolism.Here,Works means Ozymandias's kingdom,his wealth.
And
"Mighty" means his unlimited power.