Sons and Lovers Bangla Summary & Character by D. H. Lawrence
Honours 4th Year
20th Century Novel
Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence
Bangla and English Summary
Character Explanation & Themes
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Sons and Lovers
Character Explanations
Walter Morel
He is an English collier. Representative of Lawrence's own father, Arthur. He wants to be a coal miner since his boyhood and is satisfied with his job. He is a pessimistic person who can't keep with his family members and jealous also.
Gertrude Morel
Walter Morel's wife. Representative of Lawrence's own mother, Lydia. She is an unsympathetic lady who doesn’t care to her husband. But her motherly affection is shown in an extravagant way in this novel. Al the end of the novel, she dies tragically.
William Morel
Paul's elder brother and also eldest son of Walter and Gertrude Morel. He hates his father and more attached to his mother. Until Paul's relationship with his mother, he was the loveliest son to his mother.
Paul Morel
The second child of Walter and Gertrude Morel.
Miriam Leivers
A young farm girl. She is very introvert, romantic ambitious, religious in nature. It is ofyen said that, Miriam is represented as the Author's own beloved Jessica Chambers.
Clara Dawes
A handsome, married but physically emancipated woman living apart from her husband. Paul's mistress, makes physical relation with Paul for a several times.
Baxter Dawes
Clara Dawes's husband. A brutal and jealous perosn. Antagonist of Paul Morel.
Anne Morel
Paul Morel's sister. She escapes her home by becoming a school teacher.
Arthur Morel
The youngest of Mr.Morel's children. The only son whom Mr.Morel loevs much.
Mr Leivers
A silent person and father of Miriam Leivers.
Important Themes of the novel
- The Oedipus Complex
- Family romantic and Social Bondage
- Contradictions and Oppositions
- Natural Scenery
- The Oedipus Complex:- Hope that you all are familier with the term who have crossed your 2nd Year's bondage. It comes from the Greek tragedy of Oedipus Rex. In the novel, the blind prophet, Teiresias prophesied that Oedipus will murder his father and have sex with his mother. In the modern time, this term is names by the famous psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud. In "Sons and Lovers", Lawrence uses this complex to explore Paul's relationship with his mother, which sometimes borders on romantic. In addition, Paul hates his father with a passion and often fantasizes about his death. Paul tries to get rid of his guilty feelings by transferring his feelings to Miriam and Clara (transference also being a Freudian term).
- Family romantic and Social Bondage:- Lawrence discusses the idea of bondage in both social and romantic arenas. Mrs. Morel feels that she is bound by being a woman. This causes her to feel jealous of Miriam who is able to use her intellect. Romantic bondage is discussed in greater detail. Paul feels bound to his mother and unable to love or marry someone else. Social absurdity and jealousy is also discussed throughout the novel, which is closely connected to the theme of bondage.
- Contradictions and Oppositions:- The main contradiction seen in the novel is that of love and hate, as Paul goes back and forth between these two with all of the woman in his life. Sometimes he seems to feel both at the same time, as with Miriam. Lawrence also contrasts body and mind when exploring the idea of desire.
- Natural Scenery:- Lawrence uses descriptions of the natural environment to explore the emotions and desires of the characters.
English Summary (ইংরেজি সামারি বা সারমর্ম)
The novel begins with the unhappy marriage of a couple. The first part of the novel focuses on Mrs. Morel and her unhappy marriage to a drinking miner. Gertrude (soon to be Mrs. Morel), an intelligent young woman from a middle-class English family, meets a young miner, Mr. Morel.
She is carmed by the behaviour and attitude of Mr.Morel so the pair are married a few months later and soon Mrs. Morel becomes pregnant. The first few months of their marriage are happy, but gradually their relationship was growing in a razzmatazz way. Mrs. Morel discovers that Walter is not as wealthy as she believed and that they do not own the house they live in, but rather rent it from Walter’s mother.
After a few months, Mrs. Morel gives birth to a son, who she names William, and she adores him immensely. Although she and Mr. Morel are still friendly with each other, she has lost interest in him and the rift between them widens after the birth of the child. She focuses all her love on her son and delights in planning for his future and watching him grow up.
Mrs. Morel has a second child, Annie, and then gets pregnant with a third. And he is Paul. One night, shortly after the birth, when she has taken the children out of the house to avoid Mr. Morel’s temper, she sits and watches the sunset on a nearby hill and decides to name the baby Paul. Paul grows into a serious and thoughtful child. William, meanwhile, is very active and charming.
Mrs. Morel gives birth to a third son, Arthur, whom Mr. Morel is instantly fond of. When William is old enough, he gets a job as a clerk and is very successful and well-liked. He is offered a position in London and gleefully accepts. At first, William visits home a lot and sends money to his family. However, as time goes on, he begins to get caught up in city life and spends his money on his fiancée, Louisa Lily Denys Western.
Morel is shocked and depressed when, during another visit, William is openly cruel to Louisa. Not long after this, William contracts pneumonia and dies, leaving Mrs. Morel heartbroken. Paul, meanwhile, grows into an intelligent young man and takes a job as a clerk in Nottingham. Mrs. Morel continues to grieve for William, and Paul, who is also very close to his mother, is desperate to bring her out of herself and to win her attention back.
When Paul is struck down with pneumonia, Mrs. Morel realizes, to her horror, that she has neglected him. She does everything in her power to nurse him back to health. Paul recovers well and from then on, Mrs. Morel is committed to him and pins all her hopes for the future on him. In Paul's office, he meets with Miriam Leivers. Paul falls in love with Miriam Leivers, who lives on a farm not too far from the Morel family.
Miriam, who is very timid, religious, and intellectual. Mrs. Morel dislikes her. Although Paul and Miriam get along well, there is a physical awkwardness between them. They are both immature and neither understands that they are attracted to each other. Mrs. Morel is jealous of the time he spends with Miriam cause she suspects that Paul may turn out of her.
Miriam realizes that she is in love with Paul, but she feels ashamed of this physical attraction because it clashes with her religious views. Miriam does not tell Paul about her feelings. Paul paints well. Around this time, Paul wins a prize for his painting in a Nottingham exhibition. One night, he meets Miriam at the exhibition along with a young woman called Clara Dawes.
Clara is married to a man named Baxter, who works in the same factory as Paul, but the pair have separated. Miriam and Paul continue their platonic relationship, but it puts a strain on them, as they both wish to become a couple but do not know how to do so. Miriam is hurt and confused, but she continues to maintain that she is good for Paul and that he “belongs to her.”
One night, when Paul is out with Miriam, Mrs. Morel is taken ill. When Paul returns, Annie berates him for neglecting his mother. Paul tries to break things off with Miriam. One afternoon, Paul is invited to Miriam’s house to have tea with Clara Dawes. Although Paul still dislikes Clara, he finds her impressive and attractive.
Paul gets Clara a job in the factory, but still finds her haughty and reserved at work. Her presence irritates him and he goes out of his way to annoy her. During the summer, Paul and Miriam get engaged, but Paul breaks off the engagement several weeks later. He strikes up a relationship with Clara but continues to see Miriam often. Baxter Dawes finds out about Paul and Clara, and Baxter and Paul get into a fight in a pub.
Baxter later attacks Paul in the dark, while he is walking back from Clara’s house. During this period, Mrs. Morel’s health begins to decline. While she is on holiday in Sheffield, staying with Annie, she falls ill and is diagnosed with cancer.
Paul is horrified at the thought that his mother may die. He stays in Sheffield to nurse her and. After a few weeks, Mrs. Morel is able to travel home, but it is understood by everyone that she will not live very long. Although Paul is still in contact with both Miriam and Clara, he finds that he no longer cares for them and he dedicates all his time to caring for his mother. Mrs. Morel dies gradually and painfully.
Annie and Paul, who care for her, can hardly bear the strain.
Finally, after Mrs. Morel has grown unbearably ill, Paul poisons her with the painkillers he has been given by the doctor. Not long after Mrs. Morel’s death, Paul goes on a trip to the seaside with Baxter and invites Clara to join them. At that time, Paul believes that Clara wishes to reconcile with Baxter and arranges things so that he leaves them together in the cottage.
Although Clara is angry with Paul but she does forgive Baxter and agrees to return to him as his wife. One night, he sees Miriam outside church and invites her back to his house. Miriam is sad to see that he has deteriorated and suggests that they get married. Paul rejects her, and Miriam decides that she will never see him again.
After she has gone, Paul catches a car out into the country and walks across the fields in the dark. He calls out to his mother and wishes to end his life so he can be with her. Thus, the novel ends tragically.
বাংলা সামারী বা সারমর্ম (Bangla- Bengali Summary)
উপন্যাসের শুরুতেই দেখা যায় Mrs.Gartrude Morel আর তার স্বামী Mr. Walter. Morel এর কলহপূর্ণ দাম্পত্য জীবনের কাহিনী। Walter Morel কয়লার খনিতে কাজ করেন। বিবাহের আগে Mrs.Morel ভেবেছিলো Walter Morel এর আর্থিক অবস্থা ততটা শোচনীয় নয় কিন্তু বিবাহের পরে সে দেখতে পেল Walter Morel আসলে নিন্মবিত্ত একজন লোক।
এমনি তাঁরা যে বাড়িতে থাকে সেই বাড়িটাও হচ্ছে ভাড়া নেয়া৷ তাঁদের তিন ছেলে ও এক মেয়ে। সবাই মিলে England এর Bestwood নামক একটা জায়গায় থাকেন। স্বামীর সাথে Mrs.Morel এর প্রায়ই ঝামেলা হয় এবং প্রায়ই সেটা মাত্রাতিরিক্ত পর্যায়ে চলে যায়৷ মোটকথা সব মিলে Mrs.Morel একটা দুর্বিষহ জীবন যাপন করতেছে। তাই Mrs.Morel সিদ্ধান্ত নেয় যে সে তাঁর স্বামীর থেকে আলাদা হয়ে যাবে তাঁর সন্তানদেরকে নিয়ে। Mrs.Morel এর বড় ছেলের নাম, William Morel
তারপর একমাত্র মেয়ে Anne Morel, তারপর Paul Morel এবং সবার ছোট Arthur Morel. স্বামীর কাছ থেকে ভালোবাসা না পাওয়াতে Mrs.Morel তাঁর ছেলেমেয়েদের উপর নির্ভরশীল হয়ে পড়ে বিশেষ করে তাঁর বড় ছেলে William Morel এর উপর। কিছুদিনের মধ্যেই তাঁদের মধ্যে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পর্ক তৈরি হয়। এটাই হচ্ছে এই ড্রামার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ theme, Oedipus Complex. William বড় হতে থাকে, সাথে তাঁর ছোট ভাইবোনেরাও।
William এর বয়স যখন 19 তখন সে একটা চাকরি পায় Nottingham এ। তাই চাকরির সুবাদে তাঁকে London এ চলে যেতে হয়। Mrs.Morel আবার একা হয়ে যায়। কিন্তু মায়ে-ছেলের মধ্যে যোগাযোগ অক্ষুণ্ণ থাকে৷ London এ গিয়ে William, Lyly নামের এক সুন্দরী মেয়ের প্রেমে পড়ে৷ এটা Mrs.Morel জানার পর তিনি(Mrs.Morel) প্রচন্ড হতাশ হয়ে পড়েন।
আস্তে আস্তে William বাড়ির সাথে,তাঁর মায়ের সাথে সম্পর্কের দূরত্ব বাড়াতে থাকে৷ কিন্তু দুর্ভাগ্যজনকভাবে কয়েক বছর পর William, London এই একটা screen disease এ মারা যায়৷ Mrs.Morel এতে আরো ভেঙে পড়েন। আস্তে আস্তে একটু সুস্থ হয়ে উঠলে Mrs.Morel তাঁর মেজো ছেলে Paul এর প্রতি attracted হয়ে পড়ে। Paul এর একটা অসুখ হওয়াতে Mrs.Morel, Paul এর আরো কাছাকাছি চলে আসে।
তাঁদের মধ্যে একটা অবিচ্ছেদ্য সম্পর্ক তৈরি হয়। যেটা শেষ পর্যন্ত শারীরিক সম্পর্ক পর্যন্ত গড়ায়। দু'জনের এই সম্পর্ক বেশ ভালোই চলতে থাকে। আর এসব দেখে Mr.Morel ঈর্ষান্বিত হয় শুধু। Paul অনেক ভালো ছবি আঁকতে পারতো। তাই তাঁর একটা চাকরি হয় স্থানীয় অফিসে। সেখানে থাকাকালীন সময়ে Paul, Miriam Leivers নামের এক মেয়ের প্রেমে পড়ে যায়।
দু'জনের মধ্যে কথাবার্তা চলতে থাকে কিন্তু সেটা অন্য কোন উদ্দেশ্যে নয় কারণ Paul তাঁর মাকে ছাড়া অন্য কারো সাথে সম্পর্কের কথা ভাবতেই পারেনা। Miriam Leivers কিন্তু Paul কে ভালোবেসে ফেলে। এটা একসময়ে Paul এর মা Mrs.Morel বুঝে ফেলে। সে মনে করে Miriam হয়তো তাঁর থেকে Paul কে কেড়ে নিতে চায় তাই সে Paul কে Miriam এর সাথে মিশতে নিষেধ করে দেয়।
ঐ অফিসেই Paul এর সাথে দেখা হয় Clara Dawes এর। Clara একজন বিবাহিতা মহিলা কিন্তু সে তাঁর স্বামীর থেকে separate হয়ে গিয়েছে। আস্তে আস্তে Paul এর সাথে Clara এর সম্পর্ক হতে শুরু করে। Paul, Clara এর কাছে Miriam সম্পর্কে বলে। তখন Clara বলে Paul যেন Miriam এর সাথে শারীরিক সম্পর্কে লিপ্ত হয়।
এর মাধ্যমে Paul আর Miriam ভালো একটা সময় কাটাতে থাকে। তখন Paul, Miriam কে বিয়ে করার কথা ভাবতে থাকে। এই কথা Mrs.Morel কে Paul জানালে Mrs.Morel না নাকচ করে দেয়। কিন্তু Paul বুঝতে পারে সে Miriam কে সত্যিই ভালোবাসে৷ কিন্তু সে তো তাঁর মাকেও ভালোবাসে। সে তাঁর মাকে ছাড়তে পারবে না তাই সে Miriam এর সাথে সম্পর্ক শেষের কথা ভাবে। Miriam এর সাথে সম্পর্ক শেষের পর Paul কিছুটা একাকিত্ব অনুভব করে।
তখন সে Clara কে তাঁর কাছে পায়। তাঁদের দু'জনের মধ্যে আবার গভীর সম্পর্ক তৈরি হয়। এই ঘটনা একসময়ে Clara এর স্বামী Baxter Dawes জেনে যায়। তখন Baxter, Paul কে নির্মমভাবে মারধোর করে। তখন Paul বুঝতে পারে যে Baxter তখনও Clara কে চায়। তাই Paul তাঁদের দু'জনকে আবার এক হতে সাহায্য করে। হঠাৎ করেই Mrs.Morel অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়ে।
দিনকে দিন Mrs.Morel এর অবস্থা খারাপ থেকে খারাপতর হতে থাকে। Mrs.Morel সারাক্ষণ বিছানায় ছটফট করতে থাকে। তার ভয়ঙ্কর রোগ ক্যান্সার হয়। Paul তা সহ্য করতে না পেরে Mrs.Morel কে ঔষধের overdose দিয়ে মেরে ফেলেন। এরপর Paul সম্পূর্ণ একা হয়ে যায়। সে ছন্নছাড়া জীবন যাপন করতে থাকে৷ Miriam তখনও Paul এর কাছে ফিরে যেতে চায়। কিন্তু Paulm তাঁকে প্রত্যাখ্যান করে দেয়। সবশেষে সে জীবনের প্রতি সম্পূর্ণ আশাহত হয়ে পড়ে। তাঁর দুচোখ যেদিকে যায় সে সেদিকেই চলে যায়।
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