What is Tuberculosis? Discuss the symptoms and treatment of a patient with tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species of pathogenic bacteria, first discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body
Organs affected by TB:
- Lungs
- Bones
- Intestine
- Skin
Symptoms of TB:
A persistent cough that lasts more than 3 weeks and usually brings up phlegm, which may be bloody;
Weight loss;
Night sweats;
Low grade temperature;
Tiredness and fatigue;
Loss of appetite;
Swellings in the neck;
Treatment:
TB diagnostic category
New Cases (never been treated for TB or have taken ATT for<1 month)
Type of Patient
Bacteriologically positive PTB patients
Bacteriologically negative PTB patients
Extra-pulmonary TB
TB/HIV co-infected
Treatment regimen
Intensive phase (Daily)
2 (HRZE)
Continuation Phase (Daily)
4 (HR)
Previously Treated Cases (received >1 month of ATT in the past)
If no resistance to TB drugs (both H and R sensitive P and EP TB Cases) - [treatment: 6 HRZE]
- Clinically diagnosed PTB - [treatment: 6 HRZE]
- Complicated EP cases (TB meningitis, Neurological TB, Bone TB, non- resolving lymph node) [treatment: 12 HRZE - Lfx]
- If Rif susceptible and INH resistant or unknown in bacteriologically confirmed PTB & EP-TB [treatment: 6 (H)REZ - Lfx]
H = Isoniazid
R = Rifampicin
E = Ethambutol
Z = Pyrazinamide
Lfx = Levofloxacin
যক্ষা রোগের লক্ষণসমূহ আলোচনা করুন। যক্ষা রোগাক্রান্ত একজন রোগীর চিকিৎসা পদ্ধতি নিয়ে আলোচনা করুন।
