What is Covid-19? Discuss the symptoms, treatment and prevention of corona virus disease. Achievements for preventing corona in BD Government
Definition:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Cause of Covid-19:
COVID-19 is caused by infection with a new coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Symptoms:
- Fever,
- Cough;
- Loss of taste or smelled
- Myalgia
- Fatigue,
- Anorexia,
- Headache,
- Diarrhoea;
- Vomiting;
- Rhinorrhoea;
- Sore throat,
- Red eye;
- Abdominal Pain;
- Skin lesion (Chilblain, nodule) etc.
- Nasal congestion,
- Malaise or headache,
- Patient may present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
Investigations:
- Rt-PCR: Confirmatory diagnosis.
- CXR: Ground Glass Opacities.
- CT scan of chest:
- Ground glass opacities: present as a unifocal lesion, most commonly located in the inferior lobe of the right lung.
- Crazy paving: Sometimes there are thickened interlobular and intralobular lines in combination with a ground glass pattern.
- Vascular dilatation: A typical finding in the area of ground glass is widening of the vessels.
- Subpleural bands and Architectural distortion
Pulse oximetry;
D-Dimer;
ABG;
CBC;
RBS;
Coagulation scan;
CRP;
LDH;
Procalcitonin;
Blood culture and sputum culture.
Treatment:
1. Asymptomatic Patient:
Only advice and home management can be given, no need to admit in hospital. Advice for cases in home isolation:
- Rest at home in self-isolation. If self-isolation at home is not possible because of lack of care giver, overcrowding at home or for any other cause, patient should be brought to the hospital for institutional isolation in a designated area.
- Physical distancing with family members. If possible, remain in a separate single room.
- No visitor.
- Regular Hand Wash (20 seconds each time)
- Cough etiquette: use tissue paper or elbow followed by hand wash.
- fMedical mask (both patient and caregiver)
2. Mild Cases:
- For fever: Tab. Paracetamol (500mg) 1-2 tablet 3-4 times daily.
- For Rhinorrhoea: Antihistamine.
- For Cough: Antitussive for dry cough, Inhaled budesonide (200ugm) 2 puff 12 hourly.
- Thromboprophylaxis: (if uncontrolled comorbidities) Enoxaparin (40mg) once daily subcutaneously.
- Monitor O2 saturation.
3. Moderate Cases:
(Pneumonia, No sign of Severe pneumonia, no need for supplemental oxygen)
- Symptomatic management as mild case.
- O2 through nasal cannula (maximum 5 L/min) if required.
- Proning: 4-6 hours/day.
- Thromboprophylaxis: should be give for 7 days.
- LMWH (enoxaparin) 40 mg once daily S/C.
- For Obese: LMWH 40 mg BD.
- If LMWH is contraindicated: Use Unfractionated Heparin (UFH).
- Thromboprophylaxis is followed by: Tab. Rivaroxaban (10mg) once daily for 1 month.
- Antiviral: Remdesivir should be used within 10 days of symptom onset.
- Steroid: if Respiratory distress present.
- Antibiotics: No role. But oral amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid/Doxycycline may be given if bacterial infection is suspected.
4. Severe cases:
(Severe Pneumonia, Sepsis)
- Symptomatic management for cough and fever.
- o2 therapy:
- Nasal cannula: up to 5 L/min;
- Oxygen mask: 6-10 L/min;
- Non-Rebreather bag with reservoir bag: 10-15 L/min.
- Proning.
- Steroid: Inj. Dexamethasone (6mg) once daily for 7 to 10 days.
- Fluid supplementation.
- Anticoagulation: LMWH 1mg/kg/day. If thromboembolism/ suspected thromboembolism then LMWH 1mg/kg/BD. Then followed by Rivaroxaban.
- Antiviral: Remdesivir.
- Antibiotics: I/V broad spectrum antibiotic.dig
Prevention of Covid-19:
- Avoid public gathering and poorly ventilated spaces; mi del
- Wear a mask in indoor public places as well as outdoor crowd places;
- Maintain distance from each other:
- Inside home: avoid contact with people who are sick;
- Outside home: Put 6 feet of distance between two people.
- Get vaccinated: Authorized Covid-19 vaccine can help protect from Covid- 19.
- Hand sanitization: Wash hand with soap and water for at least 20 seconds during:
- Before eating and preparing food;
- Before touching face;
- After leaving public place;
- After blowing nose, coughing or sneezing;
- After handling mask; b
- After caring for someone sick;
- After touching animals or pets.pk and alď'm
- Cough etiquette: use tissue paper or elbow followed by hand wash.
- Clean and disinfect: Clean high touch surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, handles, desk, phones etc.
- Monitor health daily: Alert for any covid symptoms. If any symptoms develop consult with doctor.
Government achievements for preventing corona in Bangladesh:
- Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccination Agreement, 30 million Taka in advance payment, successful completion of immunization of more than 5 million people in the shortest possible time.
- On the one hand, the uncertainty of getting the vaccine from Serum Institute, on the other hand, the certainty of getting Sputnik-V from Russia and Cinepharma from China, Bangladesh is widely praised in the world.
- At the same time, the vaccination agreement with six South Asian countries, including China, and the processing of vaccine imports from the United States are among the best achievements of the Prime Minister.
- In the shortest possible time launch of Covid Dedicated Hospital, Training of doctors and nurses as per WHO guideline and establishment of RT-PCR lab in different places. b
- Recruitment of 2000 doctors on emergency basis and recruit more than 4000 doctors through special BCS.
- Provision of services in compulsory covid units of physicians, provision of telemedicine, provision of health counselling through regular physicians on national televisions including BTV.
- Instead of continuous lockdowns, providing a consistent boundary between lockdowns and careers, which has given Bangladesh a duality of hygiene control and economic growth.
- The regular pay of government employees in the lockdown, the formation of a separate pay structure for non-government organizations have widely praised the human qualities of the Hon'ble Prime Minister.
- For preventing corona government has allocated 10,000 crore taka in the budget, an incentive package of 72,650 crore taka, which is proportionally higher than its nearest neighbour India.
- Others:
- Hon'ble Prime Minister's 31 security directives;
- Starting of "No mask, no service';
- Obligation to observe hygiene, restricting movement;
- Timely launch of international flights;
- The recent influx of migrants from India has created a huge demand for Bangladeshi workers in the Middle East. Workers were immediately sent to the Middle East on emergency flights; Which is a unique step of the Prime Minister in earning expatriate income during the Corona period;
- Hotline 333 launched;
- Establish digital boards in different parts of the country with Corona awareness.
COVID-19 এর কারণ ও ইহার লক্ষণসমূহ আলোচনা করুন। ইহার চিকিৎসা ও প্রতিরোধের বিষয়ে বিস্তারিত লিখুন। বা Covid-19 কি? করোনা ভাইরাস রোগের লক্ষণ, প্রতিকার ও প্রতিরোধ সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করুন। করোনা প্রতিরোধে বর্তমান সরকারের ভূমিকা
What is COVID-19? Discuss the symptoms, treatment and prevention of corona virus disease. Achievements for preventing corona in BD Government, What is COVID-19? Discuss the symptoms, treatment and prevention of corona virus disease. Achievements for preventing corona in BD Government
